EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a structured therapeutic approach designed to help individuals process traumatic memories and distressing life experiences. This method is grounded in the Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model, which posits that psychological distress often results from memories that were inadequately processed and stored. EMDR facilitates the reprocessing of these memories so that they can be integrated in a way that reduces their negative impact on emotional well-being.
What is EMDR?
EMDR is an evidence-based psychotherapy (neurotherapy) that uses bilateral stimulation—such as side-to-side eye movements or tactile cues (tapping)—to help the brain reprocess traumatic memories. It is effective in treating conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and other trauma-related issues. The therapy engages both hemispheres of the brain to enhance emotional and cognitive processing.
The Structured Approach of EMDR
EMDR therapy follows a comprehensive structure involving three main stages and is further divided into eight specific phases:
Three Main Stages:
- Preparation: The client is educated about EMDR and taught self-soothing techniques to build emotional stability.
- Processing: The core of EMDR where bilateral stimulation is used to process targeted traumatic memories.
- Integration: Ensuring that newly processed memories are incorporated into the client’s broader cognitive framework for lasting emotional relief.
Eight Phases of EMDR:
- Phase 1: History Taking and Treatment Planning: The therapist assesses the client's history and identifies targets for processing.
- Phase 2: Preparation: Establishing a safe therapeutic environment and teaching the client stabilization techniques.
- Phase 3: Assessment: Identifying specific memories and associated negative and positive beliefs.
- Phase 4: Desensitization: Using bilateral stimulation to process the traumatic memory.
- Phase 5: Installation: Reinforcing a positive belief linked to the processed memory.
- Phase 6: Body Scan: Checking for any remaining physical tension or distress.
- Phase 7: Closure: Ensuring the client leaves the session feeling stable and empowered.
- Phase 8: Reevaluation: Assessing the client’s progress and planning future sessions if needed.
The AIP Model
The Adaptive Information Processing model is central to EMDR therapy, proposing that the brain has a natural capability to process information adaptively. When traumatic experiences occur, this process can be disrupted, causing memories to become “stuck” and continue to trigger emotional distress. EMDR helps facilitate the completion of this natural processing, allowing memories to be stored in a less emotionally charged way.
